With the advent of empirical methods and through the senses, based on the traditional epistemology, man was able to recognize the objects as they existed and understand their reality. After Kant’s theory of epistemology was widely accepted by the public, it became apparent that direct knowledge, is the consequence of the interaction between mind and Ain (quintessence).We cannot arrive at reality in its entirety, we can only recognize it by the way it seems to appear. Factors such as subject and object are involved. In other words we are dealing with phenomena and not with noumena. It seems that in the Post modern age due to the advent of new epistemology, the waning power of sciences and empirical methods, fading of dogmatism and verification in sciences, and being content with mere falsification, the way is paved for mystical schools to invite and encourage man towards intuitive understanding. Pseudo religions, modern spiritualities, Gnostic systems alongside monotheistic and other forms of religions, each strive to find a market to attract adherents.Some of these doctrines are under the influence of mystical traditions which in the course of history for the sake of their survival, broke away from the main tradition and sought another path.Some others have at their roots the needs of modern man for space and spiritual thought free from religious and non religious presumptions. This article is an attempt to compare and investigate the final stage of the mystic way based on the teachings of three Gnostic systems namely, Buddhism, Indian mysticism, and Mowlana’s gnosticim.

William CARLOS Williams’s poetry is known for the vividness of its imagery and the minimalism of its form. But what Williams achieves within just a few lines is nothing short of magic. The intimate bond he makes with his seemingly insignificant surrounding world gives an air of sublimity to his poems. The sense of indefinable awe that pervades Williams’s poetry, however, does not stem from a grand and boundless source. Williams finds an almost transcendent aura in the most familiar, mundane, and homely moments of everyday life. This quality of finding the extraordinary in the ordinary has been called the ‘trivial sublime.’ Drawing on theories of the sublime, as well as those of romantic transcendentalism and the genre of haiku, this paper attempts to examine the modality of such sublimity in the poetry of Williams. Such theories will include Edmund Burke's and Immanuel Kant's notions of sublime as well as the theoretical issues proposed by Williams himself.

The relationship between knowledge and dreaming is considered to be as a main idea of CARLOS Castaneda. Based on this theory, he claims that one can conceive knowledge in two ways: first, the knowledge which its objects are material and worldly matters and second, genuine knowledge which is attained in an unnatural state and possesses a non-empirical essence. In this case, dreaming is a situation in which genuine knowledge is obtained and hallucinogenic plants are also a means of realizing this kind of awareness. Apparently, the result of the critical analysis of Castaneda’s view is that his view are not sufficiently coherent; If transcendental knowledge is obtained through the dual domains of human existence, and happiness is also obtained through responding to the mental and physical needs and the realization of material and mental capabilities, can be said Castaneda does not present a precise explanation of the nature of blissful or transcendent knowledge. He only suffices with the claim that non-sensory knowledge or knowledge that arises from intangible things confirms transcendence. On the other hand, genuine knowledge in Castaneda's thought is a kind of awareness realized in the " unnatural state." This knowledge, which is considered as a form of spiritual intuition, is not based on the strengthening of the psychic powers. in reality, gaining knowledge through the use of hallucinogenic plants confirms this claim. .

In recent years, the mystical path of Don Joan has been brought forward in the works of CARLOS Castanda. Most of the important elements of primitive religions can be recognized in this path. These include: the sacred object which not everybody deserves to touch it; belief in an impersonal and supernatural power, which in this path and in religious studies as a whole is called “mana”; various taboos, related to objects, persons, sacred words and names; belief in the existence of the spirits of various natural phenomena and therefore, the necessity of their veneration; belief in the existence of twin or (in religious terminology) “totem”, which on the one hand protects the man, and on the other, must be venerated by man. Contrary to the most primitive religions in which the totem is an animal, here the totem is either a plant or other natural phenomena.

abstract Comparing the symbolism of "Simorgh" and "Eagle" in the mystical thought of Attar Nishaburi and Castandah, similarities and differences Hassan Saidi* Mitra Sadat Tabatabaei** . Contemporary man who has suffered a mental crisis in the age of modernity for some reasons. It is in search of reaching a point of peace. This need has caused the emergence of mysticism in this direction. One of the figures of contemporary history who presented Seleucid and spiritual teachings in his mystical works, "CARLOS Castaneda" (20 AD) is the leading figure of Indian mysticism. On the other hand, in the field of Islamic mysticism, Farid al-Din, Attar Neishabouri, a famous figure (7th century AH) also has principles and instructions in Seleucid issues. "Eagle" in Castandah's works and "Simorgh" in Attar's Seleucid programs are clearly visible in a symbolic form with the aim of drawing the peak of human personality. The purpose of this research, which was done with a descriptive, analytical method. Examining similarities and differences between their thoughts. The findings show. that both characters believe in "a kind of unity of existence" in the field of ontology. Moreover, they believe in issues such as "perfectionism and the pursuit of human perfection, the role of knowledge in conduct, the allegory of a bird as a symbol of upward movement, freedom from attachments in the process of conduct." But on the other hand, they have differences in characteristics such as "monotheistic theological approach, element of love, outlook on life and...". which is described in detail in the text of the article. Keywords: Attar Nishaburi, Sir and Seluk, CARLOS Castaneda, Simorgh, Eagle. ........................................................................................................* Associate Professor, Department of Religions and Mysticism, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran h-saeidi@sbu.ac.ir ** Master's degree in Islamic mysticism, Faculty of Theology and Religions, Shahid Beheshti University

In spring 2004, suspected galls were collected from flowering parts of Willow tree, Salix babilonica L. located in various parts of Zanjan, northwest of Iran. During preliminary studies, the activity of eriophyid mites was observed inside the examined galls. After primary communication with Dr. CARLOS H.W. Flechtmann from University of Saopolo, Brazil, sufficient number of galls were transferred into a solution containing distilled water, alcohol 96" and sugar, one part from each, and sent to his laboratory. These mites were determined as Anthocoptes salicis Nalepa, 1894 (Prostigmata, Eriophyidae), which the genus is newly recorded from Iran.

Our main objective in this paper is to analyze Bayesian Shrinkage Estimators of the parameter of two-parameter Exponential Distribution Scale under General Entropy Loss Function based on the prior conjugate distribution and Progressive Type-II Censored Data in the presence of the location parameter. To this end, in the present paper, firstly, we present Shrinkage Estimator of scale parameter based on the Bayesian estimator that obtained under General Entropy Loss Function, and prior conjugate distribution, and then investigate the efficiency of the proposed estimator with other estimators, such as maximum likelihood estimator, Bayes estimator, empirical Bayesian estimator, and empirical Bayesian Shrinkage Estimator. The method used in this paper to compute empirical Bayesian estimator, and empirical Bayesian Shrinkage Estimator is guessing. Using simulated data based on Monte CARLOS’ method, under six censorship schemes and with two prior distributions of Jeffrey and Hartigan, the effectiveness of estimators is compared. Finally, using actual data, the efficiency of the proposed estimators will be examined.